Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties. Since 2010, he joined the engineering materials graduate program as a master. Magnesium alloys magnesium based alloys, the strongest and most refractory alloys. Mar 31, 2010 this book can be recommended as a textbook for students major in corrosion or professors preparing their lectures. The heavy envelopes enclose data for a given class of material. Structure and properties describes the constitution and properties of magnesium based alloys containing rareearth metals. As with metal manufactures in general, the tensile and other properties of the magnesium materials depend upon the composition, condition whether cast or wrought, details of fabrication, heat treatment, and other factors. A good range of mechanical fatigue properties and excellent corrosion resistance for a heat treatable aircraft alloy. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties intechopen. Each property range of values reported is minimum and maximum values of appropriate matweb entries. Zinc in magnesium alloys is used to raise the strength of the alloy at room temperature, while. In recent years, fsw has been extensively used for. Pdf mechanical properties of magnesium alloy az91 at.
Material properties of magnesium randy beals a a friendly friendly material properties. Changes of properties of magnesium alloy specimens were observed with the aid of dil 402c7 dilatometer made by netzsch gmbh at the temperature interval 20 5 c up to 350 c with constant heating and cooling rate in the protective argon atmosphere. In an effort to improve the mechanical properties of magnesium an extensive alloy development trials have been undertaken. One of the remarkable features of alloys is the significant difference made by individual rareearth metals when they are added to magnesium. Magnesium alloy properties a31115 standard 322 magnesium alloy characteristics a31215 guidelines 323 6 zinc and za alloys 326. Unalloyed magnesium is not extensively used for structural purposes. Magnesium alloy attracts increasing attention for its low density or high specific strength, which provides considerable weight saving potential in. Lowering car weight by 100 kg makes it possible to save 0. Aluminium preferably improves the tensile strength and hardness.
This type of alloy represents a magnesium alloy used for casting under. Although magnesium is found in over 60 minerals, only dolomite, magnesite, brucite, carnallite, and olivine are of commercial importance. The inherent challenge that still exists with these alloys is the absence of a robust joining technique. Unfortunately, this book cant be printed from the openbook. Mechanical properties data for selected aluminum alloys. Relatively new aluminumalloysincludedare7033,alli8090and 2090, rapidly solidi. Electrochemical properties of magnesium alloy anodes. Because of the high chemical activity of magnesium, the number of metals suitable for the production of magnesium alloys is relatively small. More recently, resurgence of interest in magnesium for interior applications. Since y has a great solid solubility in magnesium alloys, it helps enhancing the heatresistant property of magnesium alloys.
The alloys are compared to commercial magnesium alloy. These alloys are widely available at moderate cost, and their roomtemperature me chanical properties are maintained to 95 to 120 c 200 to 250 f. Some of the pure metals discussed in this chapter are the base metals in these alloys. The chemical constitution of this alloy can be seen in the table 1. As with metal manufactures in general, the tensile and other properties of the magnesium materials depend upon the composition, condition whether cast or wrought, details of. The main advantage of this alloy is represented by its mechanical and founding qualities 1, 4, 11. Mar 21, 2007 the values i see in the cosmos materials database formagnesium alloy include. C alloy ez33at5 sand casing mg e compound mg rich solid solution 18. Introduction to magnesium alloys 3 table 1 standard fourpart astm system of alloy and temper designations for magnesium alloys see text for discussion.
Composition optimization and mechanical properties of mg. Classifications of metal alloys fe3 c cementite800 deformation are termed metal alloys steels. Mechanical properties of magnesium alloys processed by semi. Magnesium az31b alloy is available in different forms such as plate, sheet, and bar.
Magnesium is an alkaline metal that is strong yet light, making it useful in the manufacturing of automobiles, airplanes, and electronic devices. Magnesium mg is the eighth most abundant element and constitutes about 2% of the earths crust, and it is the third most plentiful element dissolved in seawater. Magnesium and silicon are the major alloy additions, making these alloys heat treatable. This asm handbook is the most comprehensive collection of engineering information on this important structural material published in the last sixty years. Both of these values are way off for any realistic magnesiumalloy. This alloy is wellsuited for high integrity castings that are operated at ambient temperatures or up to 149c 300f. How do properties vary throughout a piece of material. They are prepared from a base of magnesium and a metal with limited solubility in solid magnesium. Magnesium alloys are also used in many other engineering applications where being lightweight is a significant advantage. Magnesium and other magnesium compounds are also produced from seawater. Solid magnesium requires significant heat to melt melting point is the same as aluminium melting must occur before opportunity to burn newer alloys we43, elektron 21 are more flame resistant than older alloys magnesium used in aircraft engines. Electrochemical properties of magnesium alloy anodes discharged in seawater yu kun, huang qiao, zhao jun, dai yulong school of materials science and engineering, central south university, changsha 410083, china received 9 september 2011. The az31 alloy is one of the most popular magnesium alloys with aluminum. Magnesium base products are available in a wide range of mechanical properties.
This was due to the low melting point of the a phase which can. These are limited to very low levels making it necessary to use. Magnesium alloys design, processing and properties 2 of the microstructure. Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy presents an authoritative overview of all aspects of magnesium alloy metallurgy, including physical metallurgy, deformation, corrosion and applications. However, magnesium also creates challenges at certain stages of raw alloy melting, fabrication of. In the context of this lecture not every individual alloy and its properties have been treated in detail, but rather divided into alloy types with reference to the most commonly used alloys. Alloys with smaller amounts of magnesium about 5% exhibit greater strength, greater corrosion resistance, and lower density than pure aluminium. Magnesium replacement of aluminum magnesium use after world war ii 1950s racing wheels and truck panels vw beatle engine and gear box 20 kg 42,000 mt mg in 1971 1970s demand for greater power az81 lacked creep resistance as41 and as21 developed ae42 developed high cost alloy. Structure and properties describes the constitution and properties of magnesiumbased alloys containing rareearth metals. Such alloys are also more workable and easier to weld than pure aluminium. Effect of severe plastic deformation on tensile and fatigue. The properties of az91d magnesium include three common. When fatigue is the controlling factor in design, every effort should be made to decrease the. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high temperature applications 269 in the previous works it was observed that az91 alloy had poor mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
Structure and properties of alloys of the mgrem system. Magnesium alloys are well known for their high strengthtoweight ratios. It is our goal to constantly exceed our customers requirements for quality while maintaining on time delivery. Magnesium alloy article about magnesium alloy by the free. Mechanical properties of magnesium alloy az91 at elevated temperatures. The alloy of magnesium is also used in gearboxes especially in aircrafts. Corrosion resistance of aluminum and magnesium alloys wiley. The material and its properties characteristic physical properties magnesium alloys for diecasting make it possible to produce components with low weight at competitive manufacturing costs. The high strengthtoweight ratio of magnesium alloys is usually a prime reason for considering these materials in engineering designs. Magnesium alloys properties in solid and liquid states. Magnesium replacement of aluminum cast components in a. If you need to print pages from this book, we recommend downloading it as a pdf. Magnesium alloys are difficult to join using fusion welding techniques and generally results in poor, brittle welds.
Structure and properties of aluminiummagnesium casting. This demand has resulted in increased research and development activity in companies and research institutes in order to achieve an improved property profile and better choice of alloy systems. Bmw used magnesium alloy blocks in their n52 engine, including an aluminium alloy insert for the cylinder walls and cooling jackets surrounded by a hightemperature magnesium alloy aj62a. It can have a moderately low tensile strength among magnesium alloys. Corrosion resistance is achieved by enforcing very strict limits on three metallic impuritiesiron, copper and nickel. Properties, identification, and heat treatment of metals general purpose this chapter contains basic information pertaining to properties and identification of metal and heattreating procedures used for metals. Structure and mechanical properties of casting msrb. Alloys with high amounts of magnesium around 50% are brittle and more susceptible to corrosion than aluminium. Introduction magnesium alloys most frequently used nowadays. Mechanical properties data for selected aluminum alloys limited mechanical properties data for several selected aluminum alloys are compiled in this appendix. For more specific information on metal and heattreating techniques, refer to tm 430106. The magnesium in the commercial alloys ranges all the way from 0. Engineering properties of magnesium alloys ebook asm. During the ageing, the homogeneous and inhomogeneous cell structure is created and has influence on the dependence va f n ishikawa et al.
Isbn 9789533075204, pdf isbn 9789535145271, published 20110114. Properties of magnesium alloys are optimise by changing of their chemical composition, casting. Our study yielded three new compositions with higher elastic modulus than. It is one of the least expensive and most versatile aircraft aluminum alloys available. It is the third most plentiful element dissolved in seawater, with a concentration averaging 0. When considered their weightstrength and weighthardness properties, magnesium alloys are among the most lightweight construction metals of significantly improved mechanical properties 234. Alloys in which manganese is the principal alloying element. In order to improve significantly the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloy, all the castings for cars and bikes are subjected to solution heattreatments. Magnesium alloys, alloying elements, mechanical properties, physical. Magnesium alloys are mixtures of magnesium with other metals called an alloy, often aluminum, zinc, manganese, silicon, copper, rare earths and zirconium. This property data is a summary of similar materials in the matweb database for the category magnesium alloy.
The designers closer and closer cooperate with magnesium alloy manufacturers, which is a good example of the fact that currently about 70% of the magnesium alloy castings are made for the automotive industry. Mechanical properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys abstract. The following datasheet gives an overview of magnesium az31b alloy. Mechanical properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys. Sep 04, 20 ze41 alloy is a magnesium casting alloy containing zirconium, rare earths and zinc. Brass coloration ranges from red to golden yellow, depending on the amount of zinc the alloy contains. Magnesium alloys and their applications wiley online books. Two major magnesium alloy sys tems are available to the designer. It is widely available when compared to other magnesium grades. Fundamentals of magnesium alloy metallurgy sciencedirect. Where not otherwise specified, standardized alloys are listed by astm designation.
Magnesium alloys article about magnesium alloys by the. Introduction to magnesium alloys asm international. The need for lightweight materials, especially in the automobile industry, created renewed interest in innovative applications of magnesium materials. New magnesium alloy is worlds strongest and lightest metal. Overview of materials for magnesium alloy categories. Magnesium alloys have a hexagonal lattice structure, which affects the fundamental properties of these alloys. It presents the dependence of their characteristics on their atomic number and place in the periodic table and discusses new ideas for rareearth metals as alloying additives to magnesium. Volume 18 issue 12 of achievements in materials and manufacturing engineering septemberoctober 2006 structure and mechanical properties of casting msrb magnesium alloy a. Physicalchemical properties of mg vs other matls property units condition az91 am60 al380 al a356 nylon abs dc t6 30% glass sg gravity gcm 3 1. Although you will hardly ever work with pure metals, you need to be knowledgeable of their properties because the alloys you will work with are combinations of pure metals. Brasses are alloys made from copper and zinc, they exhibit good strength and ductility and are easily cold worked, properties which improve with increased zinc content up to 35%. The dilatometric analysis was carried out for the specimens of. Section thicknessdependent tensile properties of squeeze cast magnesium alloy am60 male. Two major magnesium alloy systems are available to the designer.
Researchers from north carolina state university have developed a material using magnesium. New magnesium based alloy as worlds strongest and lightest metal to change the world. The creators of a new highstrength, lowweight metal alloy hope it will find a place as a midpoint between carbon fiber and lightweight aluminum. Effect of severe plastic deformation on tensile and fatigue properties of finegrained magnesium alloy zk60 volume 32 issue 23 alexei vinogradov. Pdf mechanical properties of magnesium alloys for medical. Their density, being the lowest of all structural metals, makes them the primary choice in global attempts aimed at reducing the weight of transportation vehicles. Magnesium alloys in aerospace applications, past concerns. Practical aspects of grain refining in magnesium alloys. Pdf magnesium alloys as a class of biodegradable metals have great potential to be used as implant materials, which attract much attention. This second edition of magnesium alloys containing rareearth metals. Alloy data 3 s e c t i o n3 section contents nadca no. Osoba department of metallurgical and materials engineering, university of lagos, lagos, nigeria corresponding author. Effects of yttrium on microstructure and mechanical.
Metals where the dominant alloying element is magnesium mg. Mechanical properties and microstructure of magnesiumaluminum. It is normal practice to prepare these alloys from the higher grades of aluminum 99. The material and its properties magnesium diecasting. Alloys in which copper is the principal alloying element, although other elements, notably magnesium, may be specified.
Magnesium alloys with their unique physical and chemical properties are important candidates for many modern engineering applications. The usage of magnesium is also in applications of medicals because of its low weight. Section thicknessdependent tensile properties of squeeze. In recent years, mgalsr alloy system has emerged as potential heatresistant mgalloys. A good range of mechanical fatigue properties and excellent corrosion resistance for a heat treatable aircraft. Consequently, the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys is of primary concern. The microstructure and mechanical properties of az31 magnesium. Find out more about magnesium and its properties by checking out our interesting facts below. Magnesium alloys and technology wiley online books.
Properties of magnesium and magnesium alloys trends in. Improving the properties of magnesium alloys for high. The engine was used worldwide between 2005 and 2011 in various 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7 series models. Magnesium rare earthbased alloys includes of magnesium rare earthzirconiumek, magnesium rare earth zinc by addition of rare earth elements we get improvement in elevated temperature properties so these alloys are suitable for use up to 480. How can properties be modified by post heat treatment. Effect of deformation on the mechanical and electrical. Material science and engineering, xian university of technology, xian 710048, china abstract. Therefore the use of magnesium alloys when designing aerospace and. It is an alternative to aluminum alloys as it has high strength to weight ratio.
Structure and properties of magnesium cast alloys sciencedirect. Ebert department of material science and engineering, technical uni6ersity of clausthal, sachsenweg 8, 38678 clausthalzellerfeld, germany abstract magnesium is the lightest of all metals used as the basis for constructional alloys. The effects of y on microstructures and mechanical properties of mg6al alloy have been studied in this work. High stiffnesstoweight, castability, machinability, and excellent damping are desirable properties of magnesium alloys that factor. Sep 21, 2016 aluminiummagnesium casting alloys have a wide range of application, especially in the automotive and shipborne industry that is directly related to their good mechanical properties 1, 2.
The best mechanical properties have been obtained for friction with rotation speed of 355 rpm. At present, the az31 alloy is of a very high practical importance among magnesium casting alloys due to its good strength and plastic properties as well as high. This has led to extensive research focused on understanding the properties of magnesium and how these can be controlled during processing. He obtained his bachelor degree of applied science in 2010 in the major of mechanical engineering with materials option at the university of windsor in windsor, ontario, canada. Global overview on demand and applications for magnesium alloys pages. Introduction magnesium alloys have many advantages, such as. Mechanical properties and structure of magnesium alloy as31. Kramer1 introduction and history magnesium is the eighth most abundant element and constitutes about 2 percent of the earths crust. There is interest in magnesiumzinccalcium alloys for fig. The mechanical properties of magnesium gravity casting alloys are influenced by. Electrochemical properties of magnesium alloy anodes discharged in seawater yu kun, huang qiao, zhao jun, dai yulong school of materials science and engineering, central south university, changsha 410083, china. In addition, it has a moderately low electrical conductivity and a moderately low melting temperature. Fire behaviour of magnesium alloys magnesium flammability. High mechanical properties of az91 mg alloy processed by.
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